Current Policies For Emr Practitioners Figure 1 Showing...

ELETRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS INTERGRITY NKWOCHA CHARLES O. December 2015 Table of contents Summary Introduction EMR (problems) Risks in EMR Current policies for EMR practitioners Figure 1: showing Adoption of EMR Figure 2: adoption of EMR by parties Conclusions and recommendations References Summary EMR systems would change the way care is delivered with designed technology and proper use of its software.†¦show more content†¦The quality depends on integrity, accuracy of health information, adoption of health information technology, and electronic medical records that would be vital in transforming the U.S health care system to one that is efficient and safer. Adoption of EMR has failed to achieve the benefit for which it was designed for, despite the promises of it improving quality of care and patient security. EMR errors results in data been lost or entered incorrectly, much efforts needs to be done to measure the occurrence of this errors determine the causes and get solutions. EMR impacting information integrity adversely (Problems) Rather than making improvement in quality of data it has led to recording of bad data, while the primary goal is reduction of medical errors instead more errors have emerged that can comprise the quality of care and patient safety, for example a baby died from massive drug overdose because of transcription error when a handwritten order was entered in the system and this would have been avoided if automated alerts where turned on. Since there is no monitoring of EMR system. These systems may have developed Program errors or bugs, the way clinicians do their daily work. The complexity of tasks clinicians can perform using EMR with the pressure to quickly adopt the use of these systems because of the incentives created by HITECH. It is difficult for users to anticipate future challenges in using EMR and also when a lot of money have

Slavery Slavery Before And After - 2340 Words

Yesika Suazo Slavery Before and After Imagine your life as if you were treated worst than a dog or a stray animal and treated as someone’s property. Slavery was the practice or system of owning people. Not only that slavery is â€Å"social and economic movement relationship in which a person is controlled through either violence or its threat, paid nothing and economically exploited†, stated The American Journal of International Law. It was a part of life that existed for a very long time. Slavery began when the first African slaves were brought to the North American colony of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619. Slaves were bought and sold, and used as laborers under orders of whoever owned them. Slaves were treated as prisoners in their own skin because they couldn’t do nothing for themselves but listen to people’s commands. Slaves were forced to listen to their owner without any say so. When talking about this touchy topic slavery was about having no choices at all to what happened, slaves had no control of their lives, and slaves constantly had a fear of violence. A lot of people who were slaves were tricked into being a slave, they thought they would have a better life than what they had before. Once the person was enslaved they were held against their slaveholders. A slaveholder was a person who owns slaves. There wasn’t any other person who would change that authority of which the slaveholder had. Most slaveholders sold their slaves just to make a profit out of them. MostShow MoreRelatedRacism And Slavery : Black Or The Egg, Slavery Or Racism?993 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst, the chicken or the egg, slavery or racism? The question of whether racism is the root of slavery, or if slavery caused racism is an ongoing debate that throughout history historians has been batting to answer, and have yet to come to an agreement. Some people think that people were made slaves because of prejudice toward the color of their skin, therefore, racism cause d slavery; others believe that people saw slaves as inferior to them, and therefore slavery caused racism. Jordan’s â€Å"The MutualRead MoreAbraham Lincoln House Divided Speech Essay1148 Words   |  5 Pages† (Lincoln, â€Å"House Divided Speech†) Shortly after Lincoln spoke these words in 1858, the Confederate states officially seceded in 1860. This divided the nation in two and began a civil war that would last until May of 1865. Although the cause of the war was later twisted into looking like states’ rights, the actual cause of the Civil War was slavery. Two years before the Civil War officially began, people were already wary of the problems that slavery could cause in the nation. In his â€Å"House Divided†Read MoreRelationship Between Institution of Slavery and Outbreak of Civil War863 Words   |  4 PagesInstitution of Slavery and Outbreak of Civil War Abstract Fundamentally, Slavery is an economic phenomenon. Looking at the history throughout, slavery has always existed where it has been an economic worthwhile to all those having power. Before the Civil War in U.S, nearly four million slaves lived there. Rates of return on slaves were enjoyed by the masters and these rates were comparable to assets. Industrial enterprises, cotton consumers and insurance companies benefited from slavery. This essayRead MoreThe Debate Of The Missouri Compromise1613 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant event that marked the beginning of the long battle against slavery. In the years leading up to the Missouri compromise tensions were rising between the North and the South. The states were all being divided into slave states and free states. 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There was slavery in North America before the United States was established. However, the United States continued the practice until the Civil War in the mid-1800s. Before the Civil War, slavery and descendants of slaves were much of the backbone and strength of the society and economy of the Un ited States. Slavery really fully developed during the colonial times; boomed in the South during the antebellum times; andRead MoreEvolution Of Lincoln s Policy On Slavery Essay1573 Words   |  7 PagesEvolution of Lincoln’s policy on slavery in the United States. Abraham Lincoln was the great man of his generation just as well as he is considered a great man in history today. He made a huge difference that impacts us greatly today still. He is one of the main reasons to why we do not have slavery around anymore, along with some help of other people back then that supported him. Even though, racism still exist today it is not as horrifying and sickening as to how it was before back in the 1800s. ConsideringRead MoreDefinition of Slavery1439 Words   |  6 PagesDefinition of Slavery The issue of slavery has been debated since its early inception. In recent times, there has been considerable debate as to the definition of slavery. Western scholars have attempted to justify slavery of the New World by comparing it to the slavery that existed in Biblical times as well as Greco-Roman and African slavery. Some argue that there can be no international definition of slavery. Others try to define by a few words that apply to every instance of slavery. The onlyRead MoreThe Incompatibility Of Slavery And Christianity1218 Words   |  5 PagesAli Montgomery Barry Devine ENG 213 27 October 2015 The Incompatibility of Slavery and Christianity In the 19th century, the United States federal government made it their responsibility for apprehending fugitive slaves in the North, and sending them back to the South through the Fugitive Slave Act. This extended the practice of slavery and its enforcement beyond the South by strengthening the rights of slave owners and threatening the rights of already free AfricanRead MoreSlavery Around the World Essay1589 Words   |  7 Pageslearned about slavery in many parts of the world. I have learned some new things about slavery that I had never been taught before. Slavery has been a major stab wound to the heart of the world ever since it first existed. Slavery has caused years of turmoil and depression to large ethnic groups of people who have done nothing to deserve what came to them. The sad part about the whole slavery situation is that, it was never completely abolished from the world. Maybe on paper slavery may have been

Vaccines Are Meant To Help Both Human And Animals By...

Vaccines are meant to help both human and animals by providing a level of resistance to a disease beyond their innate immune status. Each aspect of a vaccine efficacy and duration of immunity is multi-factorial and often difficult to predict in all cases. Further, no vaccine is completely safe and effective in all situations for all animal patients. The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) believes that a medically based approach to vaccination protocols is an appropriate method to address the preventative health needs in multiple animal species, breeds and individual patients. Vaccines in veterinary medicine have proven to be a boon for animal health. Yet the usefulness of veterinary vaccines extends beyond these limits†¦show more content†¦An example of this vaccination in today’s science, where a booster is required would be the Lyme disease initial vaccination for dogs. This vaccination is given initially twice once at the beginning and then a booster at a two to three week interval, then it becomes an annual vaccination where a booster is not necessary, once the initial vaccination has occurred. An example of a vaccination, where a booster is not required would be the Rabies Canine vaccination. This vaccination can be given as a yearly vaccination, however, most drug manufacturers are now producing a 3-year vaccination, where the shot is good for a 3-year cycle before it is needed to be given to the animal again. Immunity to a drug or shot is dependent on a multitude of factors; these are including but are not limited to, medical h istory, vaccine type, method of administration, the veterinarian’s professional acumen to determine the most reliable interval between the vaccination and onset of protection against disease. For the aspect of comparing if a vaccination is ethical or if it is overkill and should not be given is the key to this paper; the genuine question we need to ask ourselves is: â€Å"What is the ideal interval for booster vaccinations.† That is, although the effectiveness of the vaccination can be shown toShow MoreRelatedAnimal Testing Should Be Made A Better Society For People1551 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing has many advantages that have made a better society for people. Animal testing can be defined as, â€Å"the use of non-human animals in research and development projects, esp. for purposes of determining the safety of substances such as foods or drugs† (â€Å"Dictionary 1†). Animal testing is literally how it sounds to others. Animals are being tested on in order to try different products made by scientists in order to better the society. One advantage of animal testing is that animal testingRead MoreEssay on People Have Become Overly Dependent on Technology880 Words   |  4 Pages5/April/2011 People have become overly dependent on technology Humans have been called the animals which make things, and at no time in history has this been so obvious as the present. Today, every human activity is dependent upon various tools, machines, and systems, from growing food to providing shelter to communication, healthcare, and entertainment. Some machines, like the tractor, speed up and make more efficient activities that humans have done for hundreds of thousands of years. Others such asRead More Animal experimentation in the UK Essay2469 Words   |  10 Pages Animal experimentation, also known as animal research and animal testing, is an experimental procedure in which animals are used within academic, scientific, research, biological and commercial establishments. It is when using live animals is considered legal, protected and regulated by law, because their ability to benefit humans is very important. Moreover, people of the world have improved their understanding about their lives, their health, the problems related to healt h and how to solve themRead MoreTuberculosis Outbreak Of 1916, Dr. Haven Emerson, The Health Commissioner For New York City1852 Words   |  8 Pagesmeaning of this has to do with the ideology that no matter the era, people have a common response to the outbreak of contagious disease. Human nature supplies us as humans with a common reaction to dealing with disease, and it is one that can be seen during the Black Death, polio epidemics, and ebola epidemics, as well as many other epidemics. These responses can be both positive and negative, and often have to do with containment of the disease, preventative measures - which may or may not be effective;Read More Fear of Polio in the 1950s Essay examples4013 Words   |  17 PagesNational Foundation for Infantile Paralysis was organized. The March of Dimes, the fund raiser headed by the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, raised thousands and thousands of dollars to help people care for their polio stricken family members and to aid in the cost of research for a vaccine that would put an end to this misery that affected the lives of so many people. Poliomyelitis was the term used by doctors to describe the condition in which the gray (polios) anterior matter ofRead MoreAncient Chinese medicine, originating from almost 2,000 years ago, is a set of traditions that has1700 Words   |  7 Pagesoriginal practices: â€Å"A visit to a traditional Chinese pharmacy is like a visit to a small natural history museum. 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Antibiotics are useful for sick animals, just as they are useful for sick humans. In the livestock industry, their indiscriminate

The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin - 596 Words

In â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† Kate Chopin focuses on the idea of freedom throughout the story. Mrs. Mallard is a lonely wife who suffers from heart trouble. She is told by her sister Josephine and her husband’s friend Richards that her husband has passed away in a train accident. She locks herself in a room expecting to be devastated, but instead feels freedom. Later, she exits her room and her husband walks through the door, causing her to die of a heart attack. Chopin uses this story to demonstrate that too much freedom is often dangerous. Mrs. Mallard is not a positive character. She is portrayed as lonely, tired, and depressed. She is the character who holds the story together. She is the protagonist and everything in the story seems to revolve around her. She is well taken care of by the other characters because of her heart disease. Louise Mallard is also described as â€Å"young, with a fair, calm face,† which tells the reader that she is not only young, but she is also a calm and relaxed person (288). It does not seem like she worries much. From the story, one can tell that the reason she is tired and sad is that her life has become a never- ending circle. She lives the same routine every day of her life. There is nothing exciting about it in her mind. She feels exhausted to have to go through her day. Living a normal day should not be something one dreads, but once every day starts to feel the same, the sense is overwhelming. After Louise Mallard finds out about theShow MoreRelatedThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1241 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin is a wonderful short story bursting with many peculiar twists and turns. Written in 1894, the author tells a tale of a woman who learns of her husband’s death, but comes to find pleasure in it. Many of the elements Kate Chopin writes about in this story symbolize something more than just the surface meaning. Through this short story, to ld in less than one thousand one hundred words, Kate Chopin illustrates a deeper meaning of Mrs. Mallard’s marriage with herRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin855 Words   |  4 PagesThe Story of an Hour In the â€Å"Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, is about pleasure of freedom and the oppression of marriage. Just like in Kate Chopin’s story, inside most marriages, even the ones that seem to be the happiest, one can be oppressed. Even though, one might seem to be happy deep inside they miss the pleasure of freedom and living life to the fullest. Just like, in this story Mrs. Mallard feels trapped and when she hears about her husband’s death she first feels distraught, but ultimatelyRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1457 Words   |  6 PagesEmotions and Death Everyone who reads a story will interpret things slightly different than the person who reads it before or after him or her. This idea plays out with most every story, book, song, and movie. These interpretations create conflict and allow people to discuss different ideas and opinions. Without this conflict of thought there is no one devoting time to debate the true meaning of a text. Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† tells about a woman who is informed of her husbands deathRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin987 Words   |  4 PagesIn Kate Chopin’s short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† reader’s see a potentially long story put into a few pages filled with rising action, climax and even death. In the beginning of the story, character Louise Mallard, who has a heart condition, is told of the death of her husband by her sister and one of her husband’s friends. Afterwards Mrs. Mallard is filled with emptiness and then joy of freedom. This joy of freedom is actually what consequently leads to her death in the end when she discoversRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1061 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, readers are introduced to characters whose lives change drastically in the course of this writing. Through Kate Chopin’s story we can identify many different themes and examples of symbolism in her writing. Chopin’s choice of themes in this writing are no surprise due to the time frame of which this story was written. Chopin often wrote stories with of women’s rights, and is noted as one of America’s first open feminists. 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People can read thousands of stories in their life times and only a handful will every stand out to them, stories that can draw out an emotion or spark a thought are the ones that will standout more. For me and â€Å"a story of an hour† the thought of freedom is what draws me the most as a teenageRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kat e Chopin1542 Words   |  7 PagesIn the short story, â€Å"Story of an Hour†, Kate Chopin writes about a woman with heart trouble, Mrs. Mallard, who, in finding out about the death of her husband, Mr. Mallard, experiences some initial feelings of sadness which quickly transition into the exhilarating discovery of the idea of a newfound freedom lying in front of her. When it is later revealed that her husband is not actually dead, she realizes she will not get to taste that freedom. The devastation kills her. 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However, a few hours later her husband walks in the door and she finds out it was all a mistake. When she realizes her freedom is gone her heart stop and she then dies. In â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† Desiree is an orphaned

Membrane Permeability Free Essays

string(50) " carrier proteins and 500 sodium-potassium pumps\." The Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses and Effects of Inhibitory Chemicals on their Action Potentials Aferdita Sabani Biol 2401. C5L Dr. Endley March 20, 2013 Introduction Cell structure and function can be defined in many aspects but one the most important characteristic is that it is enclosed within a cell membrane called a plasma membrane. We will write a custom essay sample on Membrane Permeability or any similar topic only for you Order Now The plasma membrane is by-layer composed of lipids and embedded proteins. This membrane is semi-permeable due to its hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. At the boundary of every cell the plasma membrane functions as a selective barrier that allows nutrients to be brought in and/or removed from inside the cell. The cells permeability and transport mechanisms allow for this occurrence and it is vital for a functional and healthy cell. Transport through the plasma membrane occurs in two basic ways: passive and active processes. The passive transport process is driven by the concentration or pressure differences between the interior and exterior environment of the cell. According to Kenyan college biology department, â€Å"Simple diffusion is when a small non-polar molecule passes through a lipid bilayer. It is classified as a means of passive transport. In simple diffusion, a hydrophobic molecule can move into the hydrophobic region of the membrane without getting rejected†. Particles diffuse passively through small pores within the plasma membrane and they also move from an environment of high concentration towards an environment with lower concentration. Osmosis is a type of diffusion when it comes to water transport. Both diffusion and osmoses move substances down their concentration gradient. Facilitated diffusion is also passive transport, but does not involve the simple movement through pores and lipid dissolving. In this case a carrier protein in the membrane is introduced to facilitate the transport of substances down their concentration gradient. Active transport is not passive because energy in the form of cellular ATP is required to drive the substances across the membrane, therefor the cell must spend some f its energy to get through or move against the concentration gradient. In one type of active transport the substance gets across the membrane by forming a substrate –enzyme complex where the substance is picked up by a carrier protein and are then able to move into cell. This combination is lipid and large so energy is needed to defy opposing forces. According to Pearson/biology, â€Å"Active transport uses energy to move a solute â€Å"uphill† against its gradient, whe reas in facilitated diffusion, a solute moves down its concentration gradient and no energy input is required. If an experiment was conducted where the conditions of transfer were manipulated by adding in larger membrane pores, increasing protein carriers, increasing pressure and adding higher levels of ATP for active transport the rates of transfer will increase providing an optimal level of reactions. Experimental Methods and Materials In conducting this experiment the materials needed were a computer the PhysioEX 8. 0 C D and the Anatomy and Physiology Lab Manual because this was a computer simulated experiment. Activity One: Simple Diffusion Two beakers were placed next to each other and joined by a membrane holder. Four membranes were used and each possessed a different molecular weight cut off (MWCO) consisting of 20, 50, 100, and 200 MWCO; and were tested using NaCl, Urea, Albumin, and Glucose solutions. First, the 20 MWCO membrane was placed in the membrane holder between the beakers and the first solute studied was NaCl. A 9mM concentrated solution was dispersed into the left beaker and the right beaker was filled with deionized water. This transfer was allowed 60 minutes. At the end of this time lapse the results were recorded (see result section of the report). The 20 MWCO membrane was removed and each beaker was flushed for the next run. A membrane with the 50 MWCO was placed between the beakers and the steps performed above were repeated using the 9 mM NaCl solution for 60 min. and then repeated again for the 100 and 200 MWCO, as described by the A P Lab Manual by Marieb and Mitchell. The next solutions tested were Albumin, Urea, and Glucose. All were placed into the left beaker independently and the tests were run exactly like that for NaCl. Activity Two: Facilitated Diffusion In this experiment the set-up of the two beakers and membrane holder was used again. Only NaCl and Glucose solutes were used and membranes with 500, 700 and 900 glucose carrier proteins The 500 membrane was placed between the beakers and the glucose solution with a concentration of 2. 00mM was delivered to the left beaker. The right beaker was filled with deionized water. The timer was set for 60 minutes. When the time was up the data was recorded and the beakers were flushed to set up for the next run. The same steps were repeated using the 2. 00 mM glucose solution with the 700 and 900 carrier protein membranes, separately for 60 minutes. The last run of this transport mechanism was done by increasing the 2. 00mM to 8. 00mM glucose concentration. This experiment was done the same way as above for each of the 500, 700 and 900 carrier protein membranes for 60 min. respectively. Activity 3: Osmotic Pressure In this experiment pressure readers were added in order measure osmotic pressure change and were placed on top the two beakers. A 20 MWCO membrane was placed between the beakers and a NaCl concentration of 8mM was put into the left beaker. Deionized water was placed into the right beaker. Time was set at 60 minutes. The pressure steps were repeated with the 50, 100 and 200 MWCO membranes Activity 4: Active Transport This experiment resembled the osmosis experiment except that an ATP dispenser was substituted for the pressure meters on top of the beakers. In this experiment it was assumed that the left beaker was the inside of the cell and the right beaker was the extracellular space. The membrane used had 500 glucose carrier proteins and 500 sodium-potassium pumps. You read "Membrane Permeability" in category "Essay examples" Membrane was placed between the beakers and a NaCl concentration of 9. 00mM was delivered into the left beaker and a KCl concentration of 6mM was dispensed into the right beaker. The ATP was the changing variable in this experiment. 1mM of ATP was dispensed and transfer was observed for 60 min. It was observed when no ATPmM was applied and finally when 3mM ATP was applied. Results Activity 1: Simple Diffusion TABLE 1 Dialysis Results (average diffusion rate in mM/min) Solute| Membrane (MWCO)| 20| 50| 100| 200| NaCl| No diffusion| 0. 0150| 0. 0150| 0. 0150| Urea| No diffusion| No diffusion| 0. 0094| 0. 0094| Albumin| No diffusion| No diffusion| No diffusion| No diffusion | Glucose| No diffusion| No diffusion| No diffusion| 0. 0040| NaCl had no diffusion until the 50 MWCO was introduced and then it had a constant rate through the larger pored membranes. Urea diffused at 100 MWCO and up. Albumin had no diffusion through any of the membranes and Glucose diffused only through the 200 MWCO membrane. Activity 2: Facilitated Diffusion TABLE 2 Facilitated Diffusion Results (glucose transport rate (mM/min) | Number of glucose carrier proteins| Glucose concentration(m/M)| 500| 700| 900| 2. 00| 0. 0008| 0. 0010| 0. 0012| 8. 00| 0. 0023| 0. 0031| 0. 0038| As the number of glucose carrier proteins increased so did the rate of transfer for both concentrations of glucose. The higher concentration of the 8. 00 m/M had a faster rate than that of the 2. 00 m/M glucose concentration Activity 3: Osmotic Pressure TABLE 3 Membrane (MWCO) | Solute| 20| 50| 100| 200| Na* Cl-| 272| 0| 0| 0| Albumin| 136| 136| 136| 136| Glucose| 136| 136| 136| 0| The osmotic pressure was highest and only occurred with the 20 MWCO membrane. Albumin had a constant pressure of 136 mm Hg with every membrane and Glucose had constant pressure of 136 mm Hg until it was relieved when the 200 MWCO membrane was introduced. Activity 4: Active Transport Table 4 Run: 1 Solute| ATP| Start Conc. L| Start Conc. R| Pumps| Carriers| Rate| Na*| 1. 00| 9. 00| 0. 00| 500| ——–| 0. 0270| K*| 1. 00| 0. 00| 6. 00| 500| ——| 0. 0180| Glucose| ———| 0. 00| 0. 00| ——-| 500| 0. 0000| Run: 2 Solute| ATP | Start Conc. L| Start Conc. R| Pumps| Carriers| Rate| Na*| 0. 00| 9. 00| 0. 00| 500| ——–| 0. 0000| K*| 0. 00| 0. 00| 6. 00| 500| ——-| 0. 0000| Glucose| ———-| 0. 00| 0. 00| ——–| 500| 0. 0000| Run: 3 Solute| ATP | Start Conc. L| Start Conc. R| Pumps| Carriers| Rate| Na*| 3. 00| 9. 00| 0. 00| 500| —–| 0. 0050| K*| 3. 00| 0. 00| 6. 00| 500| —–| 0. 0033| Glucose| ———| 0. 00| 0. 00| ———| 500| 0. 0000| When 1 ATP was dispensed the Na and K transported at a higher rate than when 3 ATP was dispensed and there was no transport when ATP was absent. Discussion Activity 1: Simple Diffusion Upon observing the results for all of the solutes with the 20 MWCO membrane between the left beaker and the artificial external environment of deionized water in the right beaker no diffusion occurred, because the pores were not large enough for them to pass through. An observation that is important to note is that even the small ions of NaCl did not diffused here, so it is obvious that the other molecules would also not diffuse. At 50 MWCO the pores were just large enough for the dissociated NaCl ions to get through but the threshold stopped there because Urea, Albumin and Glucose molecules in the solute were too large. Observations of the diffusion of the solutes with the 100 MWCO membrane showed that all but albumin and Glucose passed, so urea size was now compatible for the size of this pore. Finally, when the 200 MWCO membrane was introduced everything except Glucose got through because it is a very large molecule that cannot diffuse simply. It must be facilitated. Activity 2: Facilitated Diffusion In the facilitated diffusion of Glucose the parameters that were introduced were the number of carrier proteins available for transport in the membrane. According to the results, when there was a 2. 00mM concentration of Glucose in the left beaker there was evidence of diffusion based on the measured rate of diffusion in mM/min. As the number of carrier proteins increased by 200 between 500 and 900 the rate between 0 . 0008 to 0. 0012mM/ min also increased by 0. 0002 min into the beaker. When 8. 00mM of Glucose was placed in the left beaker with the same carrier protein membrane criteria of 500, 700, and 800 the rate increased. The rate was actually faster than that of the 2. 00 mM concentration. As the concentration of glucose raised the demand for the protein attachment increased so more carrier proteins got involved, while previously some were just hanging out because there was less glucose to transfer. Activity 3: Osmosis In this experiment the study was based on the transfer of water across a membrane. Osmosis of water tends to balance out concentrations, so it will flow to an area of higher solute concentration. Water flowing to a more concentrated solution will usually increase in volume but in this closed system for the experiment the focus was on the increase of pressure. The solutes were confined to their area by a semi-permeable membrane based on the pores of the membrane and the size of the molecules in the solute. With 8mM of NaCl with a 20 MWCO membrane the pressure reading was 272 mHg because the salt was not able to pass through the membrane, but the water diffused to the salt side so there was pressure causing and unequal balance, but with the membranes of 50, 100 and 200 MWCO there was no pressure because the membrane became permeable to the salt allowing an equilibrium between he beakers, therefore no pressure. In the case of Albumin, the water diffused building up pressure until there was no more water left to diffuse so pressure remained constant at all MWCOs. The same occurred with Glucose until the membrane was replaced with the 200 MWCO membrane. Glucose was able to diffuse thus resulting in equilibrium in both beakers. Pressure will rise until equilibrium is obtained. Activity 4: Active Transport The experiment showed that at 1 ATP the reaction took place at very slow rate and not completely. Without ATP the transfer didn’t take place at all. When 3 ATP’s were added transfer took place quickly and almost completely. The more ATP introduced to the cell, the faster and more complete the transport will occur which is very important for the transport of glucose since it is a substrate for the production of more ATP. How to cite Membrane Permeability, Essay examples

Unilever Leadership Knows No Boundaries Essay Sample free essay sample

Leadership is a complex topic that has been defined by legion experts and theoreticians in about every industry around the universe. There are as many definitions for leading as there are companies that profess to be focused on taking their houses efficaciously. But simply speaking about leading and its application to the concern universe is no lucifer for the application of leading rules used to steer a firm’s decision-making and scheme. Harmonizing to Stephen Covey. in order to be effectual one must be focused on being proactive. seeking apprehension. working together. every bit good as concentrating on the terminal end. These features could besides keep true when measuring leaders. Michael Brunner summarizes his point of view on leading in saying: â€Å"No affair which leading doctrine you subscribe to. you must go on to introduce and turn. in good times or in bad. Seek new attacks to old jobs. Be unfastened to new positions. no affair their beginning. Your ability to germinate as an person and as a leader is what distinguishes you from others. and it’s indispensable to the continued success of your concern. your occupation satisfaction and your personal prosperity. Leading such a house as Unilever is no little effort and to make this efficaciously takes strong leading accomplishments. A Long and Storied Past Unilever was formed in 1930. even though the companies that make up this corporation were in being before the bend of the 20th century. In the early old ages. the primary focal point was on merchandises dwelling of oils and fats. such as soap and oleo. The corporation experienced such rapid enlargement that it about outpaced its supply of natural stuffs. Throughout the early 1900s Unilever experienced tough economic conditions including the Great Depression and World War II. By the mid-1900s Unilever was good in bid of their merchandises. and had garnered a important portion of the market place while prosecuting chances to spread out into new markets. The 1970s brought about some tough economic times as rising prices took its toll on the consumer goods market. and larger retail merchants demanded more and more for less money. The following twosome of decennaries discoveries Unilever going more focussed on its nucleus concern offering. fewer merchandise classs. and abandoning about tw o-thirds. of its trade names through drawing out or selling to other companies. Today. Unilever employs 163. 000 people in more than 100 states around the universe. Their merchandises are sold in over 170 states and their top 25 merchandises account for 75 % of their entire gross revenues: The range of Unilever is important and about impossible to penetrate as described by the company itself. â€Å"160 million times a twenty-four hours. person someplace chooses a Unilever merchandise. From feeding your household to maintaining your place clean and fresh. our trade names are portion of mundane life. † Leading such a monolithic house requires considerable resources of both clip and money. Unilever has established a clear way ( be aftering ) for the organisation in order to run into the diverse needs of its clients. Its way is made clear by the four pillars that constitute Unilever’s vision: †¢ We work to make a better future every twenty-four hours.†¢ We help people experience good. look good. and acquire more out of life with trade names and services that are good for them and good for others †¢ We will animate people to take little mundane actions that can add up to a large difference for the universe. †¢ We will develop new ways of making concern with the purpose of duplicating the size of our company while cut downing our environmental impact. Specifying Leadership Operating a planetary house such as Unilever is impossible without the appropriate degree of focal point on effectual leading. This epitomizes much of the work of Unilever as it seeks to rule the market place with its merchandises. Unilever has constructed a clear intent ( Leaders’ occupation is to help followings to place the way and way in achieving task-related and personal ends. by taking any barriers. ) for their operations that professes: â€Å"Our corporate intent provinces that to win requires ‘the highest criterions of corporate behaviour towards everyone we work with. the communities we touch. and the environment on which we have an impact: ’† Transporting out such a intent is no little undertaking for a company so tremendous. In order to run into its stated intent. leading must get down at the top of the organisation and flux through all degrees to see committedness is present across all of Unilever’s employees. Leadership at Unilever begins with Paul Polman. CEO. who portions his ideas on the leading strong belief at Unilever as: â€Å"†¦everybody is a leader. every bit far as I’m concerned ( Servant leading – empower ) . And my definition of leading is really simple: if you positively influence ( managerial power: Power should be used to act upon and command others for the common good instead seeking to exert control for personal satisfaction ) person. you are a leader: † With leading beliefs such as this at the top of the organisation. it is clear why Unilever has been able to accomplish such a high degree of success in its industry. However. the leading vision and committedness demands to exceed farther into the organisation in order to truly do a important impact on the organisation. Fostering the belief in leading across all degrees was reiterated by Unilever’s Fergie Balfour. who said. â€Å"What does an effectual concern leader make? He or she makes it possible for others to make. and be. their best. Simple as that. And the manner to make that is by unlocking people’s energy and belief that is so frequently losing at work. † ( Motivation ) Leading with Conviction Discoursing or specifying leading is a disputing undertaking in itself ; nevertheless. implementing these constructs in an organisation the size of Unilever requires some serious premeditation and strong belief. This is the ground for the development of Unilever’s stand on corporate administration: â€Å"As stated in the Code of Business Principles. ‘Unilever will carry on its operations in conformity with internationally recognized rules of good corporate governance’ . It is hence Unilever’s pattern to follow with the best pattern represented by the sum of these best pattern codifications. † Unilever goes much further than simply professing its stance on corporate administration ; it looks for ways to use these rules in the day-to-day concern operations. This has been the norm for Unilever for a just sum of clip. It was even displayed by Patrick Cescau. Unilever’s former head who initiated the â€Å"One Unilever† attack. crafted to sup ply some construction to Unilever’s expansive. decentralized constellation. Such a move makes it obvious that Unilever is interested in alterations that will profit the full organisation no affair what it takes to implement such alterations. Unilever’s current CEO. Paul Polman. has besides had to turn to leading issues within his organisation. and do the alterations he felt were necessary to prolong Unilever’s competitory border in the market place. Upon his reaching at Unilever. there were significant goings of some of the highest superior executives at Unilever including their main selling officer. Simon Clift. every bit good as Vindi Banga. the planetary president of nutrient. place and personal attention. Such alterations do non come easy particularly within the ranks of a company the size of Unilever. However. in order to keep its strategic leading. focal point alterations such as these are a fact of life if Unilever hopes to accomplish its long-run ends. As Unilever moves frontward it is clear the corporation will trust on a civilization focused on public presentation. as highlighted in their 2009 Annual Report: â€Å"We start from a strong base of values and rules. which have served us good over the old ages: unity. trust. investment in people. making the right thing for the long term. In really competitory markets. we need to farther increase consumer and client focal point. velocity of action. and duty and answerability. To accomplish this we have made the organisation flatter. simplified mark puting and sharpened single public presentation direction. † Time will state if the leading rules and beliefs put in topographic point at Unilever will go on to profit the organisation every bit good as all its stakeholders. CASE QUESTIONS1. DISCUSSION – How does Unilever expose its committedness to leading? 2. DISCUSSION – How has this committedness to leading allowed it to capitalise on chances in the market place? 3. PROBLEM-SOLVING – If you were an upper executive within Unilever. how would you use the constructs you have learned about leading to your place? 4. Further RESEARCH – Investigate Unilever’s international operations. Where do you experience it possesses the strongest presence? What is it making to foster its place in the international market?